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Greco-Turkish War of 1897, also known as the Thirty Days' War was a conflict between George I of Greece and the Ottoman Empire, Abdul Hamid II, for the sovereignty of Crete.
The war has its roots in foreign policy based on helena Great Idea: the annexation of the territories traditionally regarded as Greek Enosis, which were mainly in the hands of the Turks.
Crete in 1896 erupted into a revolt against the Ottoman presence in the island. With the purpose of Enosis and simultaneously, to divert the public opinion of the Greek domestic political problems, the Greek government of sending its army and navy to Crete.
On January 21, 1897 occurred on landing in Crete. On April 5 of that year, after being forced to retreat to the island by international pressure, Greece attempted to annex Epirus and Macedonia, also under Ottoman sovereignty.
Greece launched a war that was at a significantly lower number of troops, against a large Ottoman army. The only advantage with which the Greek Government, was the superiority of the Royal Navy in the seas of the area. Ottoman military strategy is inclined by a land dispute.
In Epirus, 15,000 to 30,000 Greeks fought Turks commanded by Ahmet H'fz 'Pacha. On April 18 the Turks bombarded Arta, but not conquered. The Greeks retreated to Philippi, where they barricaded themselves. The Greek counter-attack was a disaster, not reaching the expected reinforcements. On May 15 the Greek army withdrew, after suffering heavy losses.
In the Ottoman territories in Thessaly, 60,000 men of the imperial army under the orders of Ottoman Ethem Pasha, hoping to confront the 46,000 men of the Greek army, commanded by Crown Prince Constantine. By May 17 the Greek army was forced to retreat beyond Larissa reorganized around Pharsale in Dhomokos. The new Greek defeat was a moral blow for Greece, which even saw the Turks advanced positions on Greek territory.
Under pressure from the European powers, the Sultan Abdul Hamid II declared a ceasefire on May 20, which except for a major disaster for Greece.
After months of negotiations, on September 20, 1897, signed a peace treaty that granted territorial concessions to the Ottoman Empire along the border of Thessaly, and a strong compensation of war (94.3 million gold francs) that the Greek state, bankrupt, they could only pay with the help of European powers, which saw increased its influence on the weak Kingdom of Greece. In this context, Turkey and Greece had no competence to try to Cyprus ... While Greece and Turkey donated the rights of the stations ...
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